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Our Stories
A collection of our Blogs, Articles, and Whitepapers


Designing Operator Tasks to Minimize the Impact of Heuristics and Biases
This paper proposes a combined approach of discussing the cognitive psychology behind System 1 and System 2 thinking, the types of heuristic


Improving Human Factors Review in PHA and LOPA
Having a working knowledge of these five tools will improve a PHA‐LOPA facilitator’s awareness and ability to better evaluate human error re


Improving the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Design Process with Graphic Diagrams
Examples of the different types of graphic diagrams, methods in which the diagrams were utilized, and the benefits that each provided in th


FGS 1400 MK II - Evolution of the traditional Fire panel
To develop the Fire and Gas system requirements needed by industry, we first needed to understand the regulatory requirements, applicable in


Lessons Learned on SIL Verification and SIS Conceptual Design
by Richard E. Hanner & aeSolutions Technical Team There are many critical activities and decisions that take place prior to and during the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Verification and other Conceptual Design phases of projects conforming to ISA84 & ISA/IEC 61511. These activities and decisions introduce either opportunities to optimize, or obstacles that impede project flow, depending when and how these decisions are managed. Implementing Safety Instrumented System (SIS) pr


Methodologies in Reducing Systematic Failures of Wired IPLs
Common sources of systematic failures and preventative or mitigative measures to prevent their occurrence are presented.


Reverend Bayes, Meet Process Safety-Use Bayes’ Theorem to Establish Site Specific Confidence in LOPA
Bayes’ Theorem is sorely missing from the toolbox of Process Safety practitioners. This paper will introduce Bayes’ Theorem to the reader an


Whitepaper — SIL ratings and certification for fire & gas system hardware — Is industry barking up the wrong tree?
There are many devices (sensors, logic solvers and final elements) used in safety instrumented systems that are independently certified for use in safety applications to different safety integrity levels (SIL). There is considerable debate however whether fire and gas system hardware should have SIL ratings at all. Vendors are naturally interested in promoting independently certified hardware in order to differentiate their products. Considering the differences between safet


The use of Bayesian Networks in Functional Safety - Whitepaper
Functional safety engineers follow the ISA/IEC 61511 standard and perform calculations based on random hardware failures. These result in...


Burner Management System Safety Integrity Level Selection
by aeSolutions Technical Team This paper will discuss how quantitative methods can be utilized to select the appropriate Safety Integrity Level associated with Burner Management Systems. Identifying the required amount of risk reduction is extremely important especially when evaluating existing legacy Burner Management Systems. Selection of an overly conservative Safety Integrity Level can have significant cost impacts. These costs will either be associated with increased Sa
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