The concept that efforts to reduce risk should be continued until the incremental sacrifice (in terms of cost, time, effort, or other expenditure of resources) is grossly disproportionate to incremental risk reduction achieved. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) The concept that efforts to reduce risk should be continued until the incremental sacrifice (in terms of cost, time, effort, or other expenditure of resources) is grossly disproportionate to incremental risk reduction achieved. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

"An evaluation of compliance with Process Safety Management (PSM) and Risk Management Plan (RMP) regulations at least every three (3) years to verify that the procedures and practices developed under the standard are adequate and are being followed. Audits are executed to meet local regulatory requirements, to comply with internal company standards, and as a good business practice. In the U.S., audits are required every 3 years per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119(o) PSM and US EPA 40 CFR 68 RMP. Compliance with evolving regulatory requirements, industry standards, and corporate initiatives can be overwhelming. aeSolutions offers a comprehensive approach to address the definition of scope and objectives, develop workflow process, and coordinate onsite activities detailed with protocols and reports. We provide a cross functional team of process safety and risk management elements to perform this essential part of the process safety lifecycle. Auditing services include defining requirements for preparation, site visits, and reporting. aeSolutions works with the client to obtain, review, and evaluate required documentation and data, conduct a site visit at the facility for employee interviews and debriefs, and compile a report documenting all audit protocols. The selection of the type of audit to be performed shall depend on the applicable regulatory requirements and level of detail the site has requested to be performed." Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Compliance Auditing "An evaluation of compliance with Process Safety Management (PSM) and Risk Management Plan (RMP) regulations at least every three (3) years to verify that the procedures and practices developed under the standard are adequate and are being followed. Audits are executed to meet local regulatory requirements, to comply with internal company standards, and as a good business practice. In the U.S., audits are required every 3 years per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119(o) PSM and US EPA 40 CFR 68 RMP. Compliance with evolving regulatory requirements, industry standards, and corporate initiatives can be overwhelming. aeSolutions offers a comprehensive approach to address the definition of scope and objectives, develop workflow process, and coordinate onsite activities detailed with protocols and reports. We provide a cross functional team of process safety and risk management elements to perform this essential part of the process safety lifecycle. Auditing services include defining requirements for preparation, site visits, and reporting. aeSolutions works with the client to obtain, review, and evaluate required documentation and data, conduct a site visit at the facility for employee interviews and debriefs, and compile a report documenting all audit protocols. The selection of the type of audit to be performed shall depend on the applicable regulatory requirements and level of detail the site has requested to be performed." Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

Valve Failure Mode describes how a valve will respond or behave in the event of a failure, such as fail-open, fail-closed, or fail-last position. Understanding failure modes is crucial for designing safe and reliable control systems. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Valve Failure Mode Valve Failure Mode describes how a valve will respond or behave in the event of a failure, such as fail-open, fail-closed, or fail-last position. Understanding failure modes is crucial for designing safe and reliable control systems. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

An explosion resulting from the ignition of a cloud of flammable vapor, gas, or mist in which flame speeds accelerate to sufficiently high velocities to produce significant overpressure. Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs) are considered during facility siting studies or consequence modeling conducted by aeSolutions' experienced modelers. Modeling helps companies identify the flammable and/or toxic consequences and impacts to receptors due to a chemical release. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) An explosion resulting from the ignition of a cloud of flammable vapor, gas, or mist in which flame speeds accelerate to sufficiently high velocities to produce significant overpressure. Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs) are considered during facility siting studies or consequence modeling conducted by aeSolutions' experienced modelers. Modeling helps companies identify the flammable and/or toxic consequences and impacts to receptors due to a chemical release. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

ERPGs estimate the concentrations at which most people will begin to experience health effects if they are exposed to a hazardous airborne chemical for 1 hour. A chemical may have up to three ERPG values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health effects. The three ERPG tiers are defined as follows: 1) ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or without perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor. 2) ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protective action. 3) ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects. ERPG concentrations are considered for endpoint distances during facility siting studies or consequence modeling conducted by aeSolutions' experienced modelers. Modeling helps companies identify the flammable and/or toxic consequences and impacts to receptors due to a chemical release. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) ERPGs estimate the concentrations at which most people will begin to experience health effects if they are exposed to a hazardous airborne chemical for 1 hour. A chemical may have up to three ERPG values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health effects. The three ERPG tiers are defined as follows: 1) ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or without perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor. 2) ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protective action. 3) ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects. ERPG concentrations are considered for endpoint distances during facility siting studies or consequence modeling conducted by aeSolutions' experienced modelers. Modeling helps companies identify the flammable and/or toxic consequences and impacts to receptors due to a chemical release. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

Delivering Safety on Demand Safety Instrumented Systems - Automation Applications Delivering Safety on Demand aeSolutions is especially qualified with Certified Functional Safety Experts to quantify process hazard risks and develop the safety requirements specifications for a process. National and international standards and regulations require that a safety interlock must meet a prescribed safety integrity level SIL-1 thru SIL-4 to have an acceptable probability of failure on demand for its associated hazard. There are many aspects to supplying the required SIL level, including the logic solver, I/O cards, redundancies, program blocks, networks, and the operator interactions. aeSolutions satisfies a project's safety interlock SIL requirements with independent, SIL-certified safety PLC's that can be integrated with the process automation DCS for monitoring and alarming. Our engineering specialists will design, configure, test, and install documented Safety Instrumented Systems that verifiably meet the client's Safety Requirements Specifications. • Logic solver hardware and software, TUV or Exida certified • Operator interaction through Cause and Effect matrix • Controlled access and modification protections • Secure fail safe communications for distributed safety • Verification test plans Automation Services Previous Next

A burn-in process is a testing method where components of a system are tested prior to being put in use in process, to detect failures early and ensure reliability of the components. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Burn-In A burn-in process is a testing method where components of a system are tested prior to being put in use in process, to detect failures early and ensure reliability of the components. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

Proportional control is a control mode where controller output (the action taken) is proportional to the difference between the setpoint and the process variable (the degree to which system diverges from ideal point). Other control modes include on-off control and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) mode. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Proportional control Proportional control is a control mode where controller output (the action taken) is proportional to the difference between the setpoint and the process variable (the degree to which system diverges from ideal point). Other control modes include on-off control and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) mode. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

A Maintenance Override Switch (MOS) is a device that allows temporary bypassing of safety interlocks or alarms during maintenance activities. MOS must be used carefully to ensure that safety is not compromised while performing necessary maintenance tasks. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Maintenance Override Switch (MOS) A Maintenance Override Switch (MOS) is a device that allows temporary bypassing of safety interlocks or alarms during maintenance activities. MOS must be used carefully to ensure that safety is not compromised while performing necessary maintenance tasks. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

A failure mode is a specific way in which a system or component can fail to perform its intended function. Understanding failure modes helps in designing preventive measures and improving system reliability. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Failure Mode A failure mode is a specific way in which a system or component can fail to perform its intended function. Understanding failure modes helps in designing preventive measures and improving system reliability. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

Please use this form. We'd like to hear from you. info@aesolutions.com Phone: 864-676-0600 Greenville, South Carolina Corporate Headquarters Contact aeSolutions Contact us regarding your pr oject or question and the appropriate team member will be in touch. Emal Us 864-676-0600 Email: info@aesolutions.com Greenvill e, S C Corporate Headquarters 250 Commonwealth Drive Ste 200 Greenville, SC 29615 Regional Office Phone numbers: Houston, TX 713-292-0000 757 N Eldridge Parkway Ste 520 Houston, TX 77079 aeSolutions offers performance-based process safety PSM engineering, and automation (system integration) solutions with proven processes that ensure consistent project execution, while helping clients optimize safety, quality and production. We are committed to providing services that enable our clients to sustainably own, operate, and maintain their process facilities. Following its original vision of providing Value-Driven Engineering, aeSolutions continues to anticipate and exceed the expectations of their customers, employees, and the market. To provide consulting and engineering services to make industrial operations smarter, more resilient, and communities safer. Consulting engagements help us build a strong trusted-advisor connection with our clients, which is in line with our Inclusive core value and penchant for collaborating as partners. Consulting services allow us to build relationships with higher-level decision-makers in our clients' businesses that extend beyond specific project engagements. Our consulting services enable us to obtain insight

aeSolutions is a licensed reseller of aeShield Safety Lifecycle Management software suite, a comprehensive platform for automating the safety lifecycle in compliance with ISA84.00.01/IEC 61511 and the related requirements of OSHA 1910.119 aeShield Software aeShield® automatically maintains the complex relationships among the risk reduction performance, design verification calculations, inspection and test plans for integrity management, and actual plant historical data. aeShield® provides real time alerts and reporting on the process safety health of a single safety loop, a full process area or across an entire multi-site enterprise. Please visit https://www.aeshield.com/ for more information.