Alarm Rationalization is the process of optimizing alarms at a facility, inhibiting alarm floods, and ensuring alarms perform their function as intended. Both IEC 62682 and ISA/ANSI 18.2 define the requirements for a sustainable Alarm Management Lifecycle. One of the most resource intensive steps in this lifecycle is the documentation and rationalization of potential alarms. aeSolutions' integrated approach can supply expertise for all stages of the alarm management lifecycle specializing in: - Philosophy development - Gap assessment of current alarm philosophy - Alarm management and rationalization training - Facilitation of alarm rationalizations - Including our alarm rationalization tool, aeAlarm™​ - Alarm management program gap assessment Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Alarm Rationalization Alarm Rationalization is the process of optimizing alarms at a facility, inhibiting alarm floods, and ensuring alarms perform their function as intended. Both IEC 62682 and ISA/ANSI 18.2 define the requirements for a sustainable Alarm Management Lifecycle. One of the most resource intensive steps in this lifecycle is the documentation and rationalization of potential alarms. aeSolutions' integrated approach can supply expertise for all stages of the alarm management lifecycle specializing in: - Philosophy development - Gap assessment of current alarm philosophy - Alarm management and rationalization training - Facilitation of alarm rationalizations - Including our alarm rationalization tool, aeAlarm™ - Alarm management program gap assessment Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

A probability that accounts for the fraction of time the facility is in a specified condition when the incident sequence arrives at the pertinent consequence severity. Conditional modifiers are considered during Process Hazard Analyses (PHAs) conducted by aeSolutions' trained facilitators. PHAs help companies identify hazard scenarios that could lead to a release of highly hazardous chemicals that can cause negative impact on people, the environment, and property. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Conditional Modifier A probability that accounts for the fraction of time the facility is in a specified condition when the incident sequence arrives at the pertinent consequence severity. Conditional modifiers are considered during Process Hazard Analyses (PHAs) conducted by aeSolutions' trained facilitators. PHAs help companies identify hazard scenarios that could lead to a release of highly hazardous chemicals that can cause negative impact on people, the environment, and property. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

An unplanned event with the potential for undesirable consequences. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Incident An unplanned event with the potential for undesirable consequences. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

A process used to vent the pressure from a process station on shutdown. A blowdown event may be analyzed with consequence modeling conducted by aeSolutions' experienced modelers. Modeling helps companies identify the flammable and/or toxic consequences and impacts to receptors due to a chemical release. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Blowdown A process used to vent the pressure from a process station on shutdown. A blowdown event may be analyzed with consequence modeling conducted by aeSolutions' experienced modelers. Modeling helps companies identify the flammable and/or toxic consequences and impacts to receptors due to a chemical release. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

A propagating chemical reaction of a substance in which the reaction front advances rapidly into the unreacted substance at or greater than sonic velocity in the unreacted material. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Detonation A propagating chemical reaction of a substance in which the reaction front advances rapidly into the unreacted substance at or greater than sonic velocity in the unreacted material. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) is a safety function with specified Safety Integrity Level (SIL) implemented by SIS to ensure the safe operation of a process. Pre-determined guidelines are used to allow a process to continue or to enter a safe state if said guidelines are violated. The hazard and risk assessments identify the need for Independent Protection Layers (IPLs) to bring the risks associated with the various hazard scenarios in line with corporate risk tolerance guidelines. Where one or more IPLs are determined to be SIFs aeSolutions has the experience and expertise to: - Confirm the SIL required for the SIF to avoid overdesign - Create a preliminary design for the SIF that conforms to ISA/IEC 61511 - Identify the failure rates and parameters needed to calculate the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) of the SIF - We use the most appropriate tool for calculating PFDs (or use the tool the client requires); for complex SIFs we can use Fault Tree Analysis for the calculations - Optimize the SIF to meet the desired proof test interval and spurious trip frequency - Recommend specific field devices for the SIF - Document the calculations including the data and parameters used Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Safety Instrumented Function SIF Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) is a safety function with specified Safety Integrity Level (SIL) implemented by SIS to ensure the safe operation of a process. Pre-determined guidelines are used to allow a process to continue or to enter a safe state if said guidelines are violated. The hazard and risk assessments identify the need for Independent Protection Layers (IPLs) to bring the risks associated with the various hazard scenarios in line with corporate risk tolerance guidelines. Where one or more IPLs are determined to be SIFs aeSolutions has the experience and expertise to: - Confirm the SIL required for the SIF to avoid overdesign - Create a preliminary design for the SIF that conforms to ISA/IEC 61511 - Identify the failure rates and parameters needed to calculate the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) of the SIF - We use the most appropriate tool for calculating PFDs (or use the tool the client requires); for complex SIFs we can use Fault Tree Analysis for the calculations - Optimize the SIF to meet the desired proof test interval and spurious trip frequency - Recommend specific field devices for the SIF - Document the calculations including the data and parameters used Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

Shutdown logic refers to the programmed sequences and conditions under which a system or process will automatically shut down to prevent unsafe situations. This logic is embedded in safety systems to ensure quick and reliable response during emergencies. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Shutdown Logic Shutdown logic refers to the programmed sequences and conditions under which a system or process will automatically shut down to prevent unsafe situations. This logic is embedded in safety systems to ensure quick and reliable response during emergencies. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

aeSolutions offers performance-based process safety engineering, fired equipment, and automation solutions with proven processes that ensure consistent project execution, while helping customers optimize safety, quality and production. We are committed to providing engineering services that Our Story Over 25 years ago, the founders of aeSolutions had a vision of doing great things in a very different way with a very different approach. That vision lives on today, to create a highly talented and engaged team passionately driven to solve the very real and very difficult challenges our industrial clients face. We are so proud of the progress we’ve made towards that vision. Over the course of time, we have steadily built a team that organizations depend on to view their problems holistically and create long-term sustainable and resilient solutions. Every day, we work on problems that matter to industrial asset owners and to their local communities. These are complex problems that are only overcome by having a great team. Today, aeSolutions is where every stakeholder is supported to pursue their full potential. All leaders recognize that creating anything meaningful and lasting requires an empowered team of informed, engaged individuals. As we advance in the years ahead, we are committed to the long-term growth and development of our employees. If we empower our employees with more information and the education to understand and apply that information and if we do this consistently, we will be successful by every measure. Locations Leadership Careers Partners Success Stories Social Responsibility Realizing employee potential through the achievement of client success About Us Redirect Locations Mission & Vision What drives us What we are driving towards What we do How we succeed To support every stakeholder in the pursuit of their full potential Realizing employee potential through the achievement of client success To improve industry by guiding our clients to increasingly resilient operations and safer communities. We succeed in critical fields that others avoid by remaining authentic to our core values. Results-Driven: Success Demands Tangible Results – We strive for excellence in all we do. Inclusive: Value From All – We encourage, seek out, and leverage the diversity in knowledge and perspective of all stakeholders, knowing the team delivers greater value than any individual. Relentless: Unwavering Commitment – We drive forward with passion and purpose. Locations Greenville, South Carolina aeSolutions Corporate Headquarters 250 Commonwealth Drive, Suite 200 Greenville, SC 29615 PO Box 26566 Greenville, SC 29616 Phone: 864-676-0600 Panel Fabrication Shop 124 Woodruff Industrial Lane Greenville, SC 29607 Houston Office 757 N Eldridge Parkway, Suite 520 Houston, Texas 77079 Phone: 713-292-0000

Industry Leadership - We understand that the industry is constantly evolving. We also understand that, because of this, communication is more important than ever. That’s why it’s our goal to regularly publish technical whitepapers that keep our colleagues and clients informed Whitepapers Combustion Safety Instrumented Systems Fire & Gas Process Safety Systems Integration Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Decoding SIS: Are You Doing What’s Necessary to Prevent Disasters? What is hiding under the radar of a plant SIS? Risk assessments define hazard consequences with assumed initiating event frequencies. Detection and Mitigation of Hydrogen Releases Advances in hydrogen safety are forthcoming and continue to evolve. A selection of case studies will be shared in which hypothetical indoor Ten Fingers and Ten Toes: Applying Machinery Safety Principles in a Process Plant When performing risk assessments on process equipment, are you reviewing machinery as well? Using Small Data to Support Decision Making When LOPA Fails Data is needed to confidently claim a parameter value, starting with an assumed or generic value, and periodically updating that value with Understanding Flammable Mist Explosion Hazards While there is extensive testing and validation of hazards from flammable vapors, less information is available regarding flammable liquid mists. A method is suggested for reasonably estimating the nature and severity of flammable liquid mist hazards by applying published mist property correlations to model inputs and outputs in dispersion modeling software. Better estimating these hazards is important to properly evaluate what mitigations will be needed. One common high fla A Tale of Two BPCS Credits, A Bayesian Case Study Have you ever had the problem of having a perfectly functional BPCS * interlock that you know is highly failure immune, yet when it comes time for the Hazard Analysis, you may only take one credit? Unfortunately, for facilities following the IEC 61511 safety lifecycle, any interlock not designed according to the standard is limited to one risk reduction credit. This can make meeting extremely low total mitigated event likelihood targets (such as 1x10-5 or 1x10-6) exceedingl Using the STAMP Systems-Based Approach to Identify Hazards for the Transient Operating State STAMP ( Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes ) is a relatively new accident causality model based on systems theory. It draws its main tenets from systems thinking that (1) accidents can happen even when there has been no failure, (2) that interactions between components of the system create emergent properties that can lead to failure, and (3) it treats accidents as a control problem rather than a failure problem. STPA (Systems Theoretic Process Analysis) or colloq How Can I Effectively Place My Gas Detectors Instrumentation, Reduction of Risk, Risk Assessment, Protection, Detection System, Alarms and Operator Interventions, Detector, Gas Detecti Does Your Facility Have the Flu? Use Bayes Rule to Treat the Problem Instead of the Symptom Is our industry addressing the problems facing it today? We idealize infinitesimally small event rates for highly catastrophic hazards, yet are we any safer? Have we solved the world’s problems? Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) drives hazardous event rates to 10-4 per year or less, yet industry is still experiencing several disastrous events per year. If one estimates 3,000 operating units worldwide and industry experiences approximately 3 major incidents per year, the tr Designing Operator Tasks to Minimize the Impact of Heuristics and Biases This paper proposes a combined approach of discussing the cognitive psychology behind System 1 and System 2 thinking, the types of heuristic Improving Human Factors Review in PHA and LOPA Having a working knowledge of these five tools will improve a PHA‐LOPA facilitator’s awareness and ability to better evaluate human error re Improving the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Design Process with Graphic Diagrams Examples of the different types of graphic diagrams, methods in which the diagrams were utilized, and the benefits that each provided in th FGS 1400 MK II - Evolution of the traditional Fire panel To develop the Fire and Gas system requirements needed by industry, we first needed to understand the regulatory requirements, applicable in Lessons Learned on SIL Verification and SIS Conceptual Design by Richard E. Hanner & Ravneet Singh There are many critical activities and decisions that take place prior to and during the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Verification and other Conceptual Design phases of projects conforming to ISA84 & ISA/IEC 61511. These activities and decisions introduce either opportunities to optimize, or obstacles that impede project flow, depending when and how these decisions are managed. Implementing Safety Instrumented System (SIS) projects that s Methodologies in Reducing Systematic Failures of Wired IPLs Common sources of systematic failures and preventative or mitigative measures to prevent their occurrence are presented. Reverend Bayes, Meet Process Safety-Use Bayes’ Theorem to Establish Site Specific Confidence in LOPA Bayes’ Theorem is sorely missing from the toolbox of Process Safety practitioners. This paper will introduce Bayes’ Theorem to the reader an Whitepaper — SIL ratings and certification for fire & gas system hardware — Is industry barking up the wrong tree? There are many devices (sensors, logic solvers and final elements) used in safety instrumented systems that are independently certified for use in safety applications to different safety integrity levels (SIL). There is considerable debate however whether fire and gas system hardware should have SIL ratings at all. Vendors are naturally interested in promoting independently certified hardware in order to differentiate their products. Considering the differences between safet The use of Bayesian Networks in Functional Safety - Whitepaper Functional safety engineers follow the ISA/IEC 61511 standard and perform calculations based on random hardware failures. These result in... Burner Management System Safety Integrity Level Selection by Michael D. Scott , P.E., aeSolutions Founder This paper will discuss how quantitative methods can be utilized to select the appropriate Safety Integrity Level associated with Burner Management Systems. Identifying the required amount of risk reduction is extremely important especially when evaluating existing legacy Burner Management Systems. Selection of an overly conservative Safety Integrity Level can have significant cost impacts. These costs will either be associated Identifying Required Safety Instrumented Functions for HIGH-TECH & SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING This paper will discuss the issues, decisions, and challenges encountered when attempting to initially apply the concepts of the Safety Life IPL/CMS- Integrity Management of Non-SIS Independent Protection Layers after the LOPA This paper discusses the identification, selection, implementation and management of Non-SIF IPLs through the process lifecycle. Implementing Safety Instrumented BMS: Challenges and Opportunities Implementing a Safety Instrumented Burner Management (SI‐BMS) can be challenging, costly, and time consuming. Simply identifying design shor How Taking Credit for Planned and Unplanned Shutdowns Can Help You Achieve Your SIL Targets Achieving Safety Integrity Level (SIL) targets can be difficult when proof test intervals approach turnaround intervals of five years or mor Case Study of a Safety Instrumented Burner Management System (SI-BMS) This paper will cover: the development of a SIS front end loading package the project cost savings realized attributed to following the saf Burner Management System Upgrade Challenges and Opportunities in Brownfield Installations by Mike Scott , P.E., CFSE, aeSolutions Founder A two‐prong templatized approach to multiple brownfield burner management system upgrades can result in significant cost savings. The first step requires coming up with an equivalent design for the safety instrumented burner management system following the ISA 84 safety lifecycle , as allowed in current NFPA standards. The second step utilizes a templatization approach for multiple units with common functionality that will al Breathing Life into the Alarm Management Lifecycle ‘Evergreen’ and ‘lifecycle’ have become two common buzz words in our industry. They are thrown around in a variety of topics, processes, and Can we achieve Safety Integrity Level 3 (SIL 3) without analyzing Human Factors? Incorporate quantitative Human Factors into a SIL analysis. Representative operating units at various stages of maturity in human factors an Stopping the Swirl: Facilitation Tools that Improve PHA Results and Efficiency Effective Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) facilitators combine soft skills with technical knowledge to guide PHA teams through a thorough iden Understanding Overpressure Scenarios and RAGAGEP Introduction to Using RAGAGEP for Overpressure Risk Mitigation A Database Approach to the Safety Life Cycle A systematic database approach can be used to design, develop and test a Safety Instrumented System (SIS) using methodologies that are in co What is Truth? Do SIL Calculations Reflect Reality? Are random hardware failures the only thing that cause a safety instrumented function (SIF) to fail? What if our assumptions are wrong? What

A systematic review to identify and evaluate the potential fire, flash fire, or explosion hazards associated with the presence of one or more combustible particulate solids in a process or facility. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA) A systematic review to identify and evaluate the potential fire, flash fire, or explosion hazards associated with the presence of one or more combustible particulate solids in a process or facility. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

A process to examine the key elements that qualifies a safeguard as an IPL: Independence, Dependability, Specificity, Auditability, Security, and Field Verification. Acronyms & Terms Glossary <- More Definitions IPL Verification A process to examine the key elements that qualifies a safeguard as an IPL: Independence, Dependability, Specificity, Auditability, Security, and Field Verification. Our Services Whitepaper: Achieving 84-92% Urgent Alarm Reduction Through Comprehensive Lifecycle Implementation: A Dual-Unit Midstream Case Study Awarded Best Paper Award at the 2025 TEES Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center-TAMU (MKO) Safety & Risk Conference Abstract November 2025 — Greg Pajak, aeSolutions Senior Specialist, ICA — A midstream facility implemented a systematic alarm rationalization program across two critical units, achieving unprecedented reductions in urgent alarm loads. Unit A reduced urgent alarms from 45% to 7% (84% reduction), while Unit B decreased from 62% to 5% (92% reduction). This paper Scoping Your Industrial Project: Best Practices for Success Scoping your industrial project is more than a kickoff step—it’s the foundation for budget, schedule, and long-term success. From aligning stakeholders to pressure-testing assumptions, a dynamic scoping strategy helps prevent costly missteps, manage risks, and keep your project on track from concept to completion. Control System Migrations | Part 7 | Best Practices for Installation, Testing, & Commissioning The cutover phase is the defining moment of a control system migration, where planning meets execution. From thorough backups and pre-shutdown prep to mechanical completion and commissioning, every step must be precise. Skipping even small details can lead to costly setbacks, while disciplined execution ensures a smooth, successful transition.

There are many unique industry terms used with Process Safety, Automation, and Combustion. This ongoing glossary looks to define these in a quick and easy way. A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V Z Industry Acronyms & Terms Glossary A Advanced Process Control (APC) Alarm Alarm Flood Alarm Management Alarm Philosophy Alarm Priority Alarm Rationalization Alarm Selection ANSI ISA-16511 (IEC 61511) ANSI ISA-18.2-2009 API 525 API 535 API 556 Arc Flash Hazard Area Classification As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) As-Built Automated Valve Automatic Shutdown System Availability (Reliability Engineering) B Balanced Design Barrier Management Basic Process Control Systems (BPCS) Blowdown Breakdown Maintenance Burn-In Burner Management System (BMS) C Calibration Curve Cause & Effect (C&E) Cause of Failure Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) Central Utilities Plant (CUP) Certified Functional Safety Expert (CFSE) Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Combustion Control System (CCS) Common Cause Failure Common Mode Failure Compliance Auditing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Conditional Modifier Consequence Modeling Control Hazard and Operability Study (CHAZOP) Control Panel Control Valve Covert Failure Critical Control Point (CCP) D De-energization (De)terminate Deflagration Detonation Deviation Dispersion Modeling Distributed Control System (DCS) Double Jeopardy Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA) Dynamic Simulation E Emergency Shutdown System (ESD) Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) Enabling Condition Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Event Tree Analysis (ETA) F Facility Siting Study Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT) Fail Closed - Fail Open Failure Mode Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Fault Tolerance Fault Tree Diagram Fire and Gas Mapping Fire and Gas Philosophy Flash Fire Frequency Front En d Loading (FEL) Functional Safety Functional Safety Assessments (FSA) Functional Test G Gas Detection System Gas Reclamation H Hardware Fault Tolerance Hazard Hazard Identification (HAZID) HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) Analysis High Demand Mode Highly Hazardous Chemical (HHC) HIPPS System Hot Work Human Factors Human Machine Interface (HMI) Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) Hysteresis (dead band) I Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Incident Independent Protection Layer (IPL) Industrial Automation Industrial Control Systems Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Initiating Event Interlock System Intrinsic Safety (IS) IPL Independence IPL Verification J Jet Fire L Latching Alarm Latent Failure Layers Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) Likelihood Low Demand Mode Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) M Maintenance Override Switch (MOS) Management of Change (MOC) Maximum Credible Event (MCE) Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) Mitigation Measures N NFPA 85 NFPA 86 NFPA 87 Node Nuisance Alarm O Operational Readiness P Pigging Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) Probability Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) Process Automation Process Control Loop Process Risk Management Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Proof Test PSM (Process Safety Management) Covered Process Q Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) R Recognized and Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practice (RAGAGEP) Recommendation Redundancy Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Risk Risk Reduction Factor (RRF) Root Cause S Safeguard Safety Controls, Alarms, and Interlocks (SCAI) Safety Critical Element (SCE) Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Calculations Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Ratings Safety Lifecycle Safety Requirement Specification (SRS) Scenario Sequential Function Chart (SFC) Shutdown Shutdown Logic SIL Verification SIS Engineering Site Acceptance Testing (SAT) Software in Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) Spurious Trips Start-Up Sequence Systematic Failure Systematic Failures Systems Integration Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) T Trip Point Two-out-of-Three (2oo3) Voting U Upper Flammability Limit (UFL) V Valve Failure Mode Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) Voting Logic Z Zero Energy State (ZES) A B C F H I L S P D E G J M N Q R O T U V Z