top of page
Our Stories
A collection of our Blogs, Articles, and Whitepapers


Can Stage 3 FSA Confirm Your Safety Instrumented System Is Ready for Operational Use?
Verify your Safety Instrumented System's readiness with a Stage 3 FSA, ensuring safe operation and compliance with design specifications.


What is a Stage 1 FSA & How Can It Help Discover Critical SIS Flaws?
Discover how a Stage 1 FSA can identify critical Safety Instrumented System (SIS) flaws early in the design process.


FSA Stages - What They Are and Why We Do Them
Updated April 2026 - A Functional Safety Assessment (FSA) is defined by the IEC 61511 standard as an “investigation, based on evidence, to judge the functional safety achieved by one or more SIS and/or other protection layers.” The ultimate goal of an FSA is to make the team confident that their instrumented safety system will reliably achieve the risk reduction needed. While many organizations understand the importance of FSAs, not everyone realizes the significant advanta


Don’t Dismiss Stage 4 of an SIS Functional Safety Assessment!
The 2nd edition of IEC 61511 now requires – by use of the word “shall” – that a Stage 4 Functional Safety Assessment (FSA) be conducted...


The Use of Bayesian Networks in Functional Safety
Functional Safety & Bayesian Networks Functional safety engineers fol low the ISA/IEC 61511 standard & perform calculations based on random hardware failures. These result in low failure probabilities, which are then combined with similarly low failure probabilities for other safety layers, to show that the overall probability of an accident is extremely low (e.g., 1E-5/yr). Unfortunately, such numbers are based on frequentist assumptions and cannot be proven. Looking at act


What can go wrong with a functional safety assessment, and how to ensure one goes smoothly?
What might go wrong with an FSA, and what might you do to ensure that an FSA runs smoothly?


How About a Stage Zero Functional Safety Assessment (FSA)?
Inspired by “Conducting an Effective Functional Safety Assessment” presented at 2019 ISA PIC 2019—Process Industry Conference. by Greg...
bottom of page
